Contraception
Many aspects play a role in the selection of the type of contraception: reliable method, risk, age, influence on sexuality, pregnancy after discontinuation of contraception, price, etc.
The following possibilities are available:
- Natural methods
- Barrier methods (Condom, diaphragm)
- Hormonal tablets
- Hormonal injections every three months
- Hormonal implants
- Hormonal vaginal ring
- Hormonal patch
- Intrauterine device (IUD)
- Intrauterine system (hormonal)
- Sterilization
Many aspects play a role in the selection of the type of contraception: reliable method, risk, age, influence on sexuality, pregnancy after discontinuation of contraception, price, etc.
The following possibilities are available:
- Natural methods
- Barrier methods (Condom, diaphragm)
- Hormonal tablets
- Hormonal injections every three months
- Hormonal implants
- Hormonal vaginal ring
- Hormonal patch
- Intrauterine device (IUD)
- Intrauterine system (hormonal)
- Sterilization
Hormonal tablets
Are the most frequent method in the prevention of unwanted pregnancy.
Hormonal tablets can stimulate endometrial growth in the uterine cavity. Current preparations utilize the minimal effective dose of the hormone and are highly reliable. They are generally well tolerated by women and can be used throughout the entire reproductive period of women. The advantages of hormonal tablets are regulation of the menstrual cycle and bleeding.
Minitablets contain only one type of hormone and are used continuously; most women cease to menstruate while using. Recommended for lactating mothers and for women whom commonly used contraceptives are contraindicated. Vaginal ring contains the same two types of hormones as the tablets. It is inserted into the vagina and does not interfere during intercourse. It remains in the vagina for a period of three weeks, then removed for seven days, during which time menstruation occurs.
Are the most frequent method in the prevention of unwanted pregnancy.
Hormonal tablets can stimulate endometrial growth in the uterine cavity. Current preparations utilize the minimal effective dose of the hormone and are highly reliable. They are generally well tolerated by women and can be used throughout the entire reproductive period of women. The advantages of hormonal tablets are regulation of the menstrual cycle and bleeding.
Minitablets contain only one type of hormone and are used continuously; most women cease to menstruate while using. Recommended for lactating mothers and for women whom commonly used contraceptives are contraindicated. Vaginal ring contains the same two types of hormones as the tablets. It is inserted into the vagina and does not interfere during intercourse. It remains in the vagina for a period of three weeks, then removed for seven days, during which time menstruation occurs.
Condom
Condom is a barrier contraception that prevents sperm from entering the vagina. It also prevents the transmission of sexually transmitted infection, such as Chlamydia, HIV, and others.
Intrauterine device (IUD)
Two forms exist- one containing hormones and the other without. The IUD containing hormones (Jaydess, Mirena) releases small amounts of gestagens into the surrounding area, which limit the growth of endometrial lining of the uterus.This decreases the duration and amount of menstrual bleeding and in some cases helps to avoid operative intervention.
Intrauterine device without hormones
The IUD is partly made of copper. Copper ions together with mechanically irritated endometrium prevents implantation for pregnancy. Sometimes after implantation of the IUD without hormones slight intensification of menstrual bleeding can result.
Method of determining day of ovulation
Following ovulation there is an increase in the basal body temperature of women by 0.2-0.5 C. The frequent measurement of temperature- ideally in the morning after waking up with the body in a relaxed state- it is possible to determine the day of ovulation, on which it is necessary to use a different method of contraception (condom). Ovulation occurs approximately 1-2 days prior to an increase in temperature, which lasts for approx. 12 days.
Post-coital contraception- “the morning after pill”
After unprotected intercourse it is possible for a period of time to prevent conception. Per oral tablets exist for the purpose of post-coital contraception. They are commonly available. But should not be used on a daily basis- only on occasion. For long-term contraception a specialist should be consulted.
- Postinor 2, Egianti, Afternor, Nulsora, Escapelle– contain Levonorgestrel a last for up to 72 hours after intercourse.
- EllaOne contains ulipristal for use within the first 120 hours (5 days) of unprotected intercourse.
In general, the earlier that tablets are taken following unprotected intercourse, the more effective they are in preventing pregnancy. It is best not to wait more than 12-24 hours. A prescription is not required to buy the tablets. Prior to use it is necessary to exclude the possibility of pregnancy by the paper test. If bleeding does not occur within three hours, it is necessary to repeat the dose. Following the use of the morning after pill most menstruation occurs at the usual time and amount. Prior to menstruation it is necessary to use other contraceptive methods. If you use hormonal contraception, one tablet a day should be taken until the onset of menstruation.
After unprotected intercourse it is possible for a period of time to prevent conception. Per oral tablets exist for the purpose of post-coital contraception. They are commonly available. But should not be used on a daily basis- only on occasion. For long-term contraception a specialist should be consulted.
- Postinor 2, Egianti, Afternor, Nulsora, Escapelle– contain Levonorgestrel a last for up to 72 hours after intercourse.
- EllaOne contains ulipristal for use within the first 120 hours (5 days) of unprotected intercourse.
In general, the earlier that tablets are taken following unprotected intercourse, the more effective they are in preventing pregnancy. It is best not to wait more than 12-24 hours. A prescription is not required to buy the tablets. Prior to use it is necessary to exclude the possibility of pregnancy by the paper test. If bleeding does not occur within three hours, it is necessary to repeat the dose. Following the use of the morning after pill most menstruation occurs at the usual time and amount. Prior to menstruation it is necessary to use other contraceptive methods. If you use hormonal contraception, one tablet a day should be taken until the onset of menstruation.
Sterilization
Male or female sterilization is a procedure, which irreversibly prevents conception. For this reason, it is indicated for partners who do not plan any further pregnancies. In women a circular tie is made at the ends of ovaries to the uterus or the ovaries are interrupted, a short procedure performed either by laparoscopy or at cesarean section. The law regarding the sterilization procedure is under č. 373/2011 Sb. České republiky. >Women older than 21 years of age may request sterilization. The law provides a few reasons for sterilization. Permission is granted by a sterilization commission, which is based in larger hospital facilities. Since it is an irreversible procedure, there must be at least a 14 day interval between the application period and the date of the procedure.
